Exxons klimasvigt: The Road Not Taken
22. september 2015
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Her ses InsideClimate News’ lille introduktionsvideo til en artikelrække, Exxon: The Road Not Taken, som bygger på en omfattende afdækning af Exxons tidlige undersøgelser af klimaudfordringen, som viser, at Exxon allerede sidst i 1970erne havde et ganske præcist billede af CO2-udledningernes potentielt ødelæggende indflydelse på vores livsgrundlag.
InsideClimate News offentliggør i disse dage et omfattende undersøgelsesarbejde i en artikelserie, hvoraf der foreløbig er kommet tre dele (se listen nederst). Den kaster nyt lys over Exxons tidlige klimaforskning og dokumenterer uomtvisteligt, at virksomheden allerede meget tidligt havde et helt klart billede af konsekvenserne af, hvis man blot fortsatte med at pumpe olie op og afbrænde den som hidtil. Alligevel vælger virksomheden i 1989 at fornægte sin egen forskning og sætte masser af ressourcer ind på at benægte og slå tvivl om sine egne indsigter – deraf titlen The Road Not Taken.
Tilbage i 1977 holdt Exxons inhouse ekspert James F. Black en præsentation for selskabets ledelse, hvor han i ganske stærke vendinger klargjorde for hvad der ville ske ved den fortsatte afbrænding af fossile brændstoffer. Og året efter fremlagde han en revideret udgave af præsentationen for en bredere kreds i virksomheden. I den første artikel kan man læse:
“A year later, Black … took an updated version of his presentation to a broader audience. He warned Exxon scientists and managers that independent researchers estimated a doubling of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere would increase average global temperatures by 2 to 3 degrees Celsius (4 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit), and as much as 10 degrees Celsius (18 degrees Fahrenheit) at the poles. Rainfall might get heavier in some regions, and other places might turn to desert. ‘Some countries would benefit but others would have their agricultural output reduced or destroyed,’ Black said, in the written summary of his 1978 talk.
His presentations reflected uncertainty running through scientific circles about the details of climate change, such as the role the oceans played in absorbing emissions. Still, Black estimated quick action was needed. “Present thinking,” he wrote in the 1978 summary, “holds that man has a time window of five to ten years before the need for hard decisions regarding changes in energy strategies might become critical.
Exxon responded swiftly. Within months the company launched its own extraordinary research into carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and its impact on the earth. Exxon’s ambitious program included both empirical CO2 sampling and rigorous climate modeling. It assembled a brain trust that would spend more than a decade deepening the company’s understanding of an environmental problem that posed an existential threat to the oil business.”
Sådan ville et hvilket som helst ansvarligt selskab agere, og hatten af for det.
“Then, toward the end of the 1980s, Exxon curtailed its carbon dioxide research. In the decades that followed, Exxon worked instead at the forefront of climate denial. It put its muscle behind efforts to manufacture doubt about the reality of global warming its own scientists had once confirmed. It lobbied to block federal and international action to control greenhouse gas emissions. It helped to erect a vast edifice of misinformation that stands to this day.
This untold chapter in Exxon’s history, when one of the world’s largest energy companies worked to understand the damage caused by fossil fuels, stems from an eight-month investigation by InsideClimate News. ICN’s reporters interviewed former Exxon employees, scientists, and federal officials, and consulted hundreds of pages of internal Exxon documents, many of them written between 1977 and 1986, during the heyday of Exxon’s innovative climate research program. ICN combed through thousands of documents from archives including those held at the University of Texas-Austin, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.”
Men at man på baggrund af en sådan indsigt standser videre undersøgelser og i stedet finansierer klimafornægtelse, det er utilgiveligt, det burde give anledning til et retsligt efterspil.
Det er skræmmende læsning, og jeg kan kun anbefale at læse InsideClimate News’ artikelserie i sin helhed. Her en opsummerende illustration fra artiklens anden del, som opridser, hvor meget af klimaforandringernes dynamik, Exxon havde indset allerede for 20-30 år siden – og valgte at fornægte.
